如何利用ACE_Get_Opt理会呼吁行
副标题#e#
当我们用C++开拓一些C++节制台小东西时，会需要一些用户输入的参数来抉择措施如何事情和执行，而用户输入参数的方法大部门都是回收呼吁行参数的方法。
好比上一篇文章 玩转Windows处事系列——呼吁行打点Windows处事 中先容的sc和net东西。
既然呼吁行参数这么普遍也这么有用，那么就有须要进修一下如何理会呼吁行参数。
如何理会呼吁行参数
那么呼吁行参数要如何理会呢。
最最最笨的步伐就是每次措施中需要理会呼吁行参数时，就写一堆理会的代码，可是这样的效率其实很低的，不如利用开源库中的辅佐类来理会。
我所相识的开源库的辅佐类有
ACE库的ACE_Get_Opt
boost的Program_options
ACE_Get_Opt类的主要利用要领先容
那么我们主要看一下ACE_Get_Opt类
先看它的结构要领
CollapseACE_Get_Opt (int argc,
ACE_TCHAR **argv,
const ACE_TCHAR *optstring = ACE_TEXT (""),
int skip_args = 1,
int report_errors = 0,
int ordering = PERMUTE_ARGS,
int long_only = 0);
下面是代码中的注释
Collapse/** * Constructor initializes the command line to be parsed. All information * for parsing must be supplied to this constructor. * * @param argc The number of @a argv elements to parse. * @param argv Command line tokens, such as would be passed * to @c main(). * @param optstring Nul-terminated string containing the legitimate * short option characters. A single colon ":" * following an option character means the option * requires an argument. A double colon "::" following * an option character means the argument is optional. * The argument is taken from the rest of the current * @a argv element, or from the following @a argv * element (only valid for required arguments; * optional arguments must always reside in the same * @a argv element). The argument value, if any is * returned by the @c opt_arg() method. * @a optstring can be extended by adding long options * with corresponding short options via the * @c long_option() method. If the short option * already appears in @a optstring, the argument * characteristics must match, otherwise it is added. * See @c long_option() for more information. * If 'W', followed by a semi-colon ';' appears in * @a optstring, then any time a 'W' appears on the * command line, the following argument is treated as * a long option. For example, if the command line * contains "program -W foo", "foo" is treated as a * long option, that is, as if "program --foo" had * been passed. * The following characters can appear in @a optstring * before any option characters, with the described * effect: * - '+' changes the @a ordering to @a REQUIRE_ORDER. * - '-' changes the @a ordering to @a RETURN_IN_ORDER. * - ':' changes the return value from @c operator() * and get_opt() from '?' to ':' when an option * requires an argument but none is specified. * * @param skip_args Optional (default 1). The specified number of * initial elements in @a argv are skipped before * parsing begins. Thus, the default prevents * @a argv[0] (usually the command name) from being * parsed. @a argc includes all @a argv elements, * including any skipped elements. * @param report_errors Optional, if non-zero then parsing errors cause * an error message to be displayed from the * @c operator() method before it returns. The * error message is suppressed if this argument is 0. * This setting also controls whether or not an error * message is displayed in @c long_option() encounters * an error. * @param ordering Optional (default is @c PERMUTE_ARGS); determines * how the @a argv elements are processed. This argument * is overridden by two factors: * -# The @c POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable. If * this environment variable is set, the ordering * is changed to @c REQUIRE_ORDER. * -# Leading characters in @a optstring (see above). * Any leading ordering characters override both * the @a ordering argument and any effect of the * @c POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable. * @param long_only Optional. If non-zero, then long options can be * specified using a single '-' on the command line. * If the token is not a long option, it is processed * as usual, that is, as a short option or set of * short options. * * Multiple short options can be combined as long as only the last * one can takes an argument. For example, if @a optstring is defined as * @c "abc:" or @c "abc::" then the command line @e "program -abcxxx" short * options @e a, @e b, and @e c are found with @e "xxx" as the argument for * @e c. * However, if the command line is specified as @e "program -acb" only * options @e a and @e c are found with @e "b" as the argument for @e c. * Also, for options with optional arguments, that is, those followed by * "::", the argument must be in the same @a argv element, so "program -abc * xxx" will only find "xxx" as the argument for @e c if @a optstring is * specified as @c "abc:" not @c "abc::". */
#p#副标题#e#
结构函数共有七个参数，
argc、argv为措施进口函数main要领的参数，也就是措施的呼吁行。
optstring 为指定的参数选项，而且是一个字符作为一个选项，主要包括三种形式
纯真的一个字符选项，好比 s，暗示此选项后头不能添加选项的参数
一个字符选项后跟一个冒号，好比 s:，暗示此选项后头会有一个参数
一个字符后头跟两个冒号，好比 s::，暗示此选项后头即可以有参数也可以无参数
skip_args 暗示从argv的第几个元素开始，默认为1，一般环境下argv[0]为措施的path
report_errors碰着不识此外参数时是否提示错误
long_only暗示是否只包括字符串的选项参数。
下面表明一下 字符选项和字符串选项，也就是 short option 和 long option.
short option 以 字符’-’开始，好比 -s
long option 以两个字符’-’开始，日入 –server
这是在默认的环境下，也就是long_only = 0的环境下。而当long_only不便是0的时候，就可以通过-server来暗示long option了。
那么来看一个界说的例子
ACE_Get_Opt opt(argc, argv, "s:u:p:", 1, 0);
三个重载要领long_option的先容
由于结构要领中的optstring只能拟定short option，所以必需通过long_option要领来指定long option。
ACE_Get_Opt类中有三个重载的long_option要领，下面来一一先容
#p#分页标题#e#
long_option要领一：
Collapse/// Adds a long option with no corresponding short option.
/**
* If the @a name option is seen, @c operator() returns 0.
*
* @param name The long option to add.
* @param has_arg Defines the argument requirements for
* the new option.
*
* @retval 0 Success
* @retval -1 The long option can not be added.
*/
int long_option (const ACE_TCHAR *name,
OPTION_ARG_MODE has_arg = NO_ARG);
这个要领可以增加long_option，第一个参数name暗示要添加的option的名字，第二个参数暗示这个option是否包括参数，下面是OPTION_ARG_MODE的界说：
Collapse/// Mutually exclusive option argument mode used by long options.
enum OPTION_ARG_MODE
{
/// Doesn't take an argument.
NO_ARG = 0,
/// Requires an argument, same as passing ":" after a short option
/// character in @a optstring.
ARG_REQUIRED = 1,
/// Argument is optional, same as passing "::" after a short
/// option character in @a optstring.
ARG_OPTIONAL = 2
};
NO_ARG暗示没有参数，对应short option中的没有冒号的环境
ARG_REQUIRED暗示必需有参数，对应short option中有一个冒号的环境
ARG_OPTIONAL暗示参数无关紧要，对应short option中有两个冒号的环境
此要领可以这样利用
if(opt.long_option("server", ACE_Get_Opt::ARG_REQUIRED) == -1)
{
cout << "server option can not be added" << endl;
}
long_option要领二：
Collapse/// Adds a long option with a corresponding short option.
/**
* @param name The long option to add.
* @param short_option A character, the short option that corresponds
* to @a name.
* @param has_arg Defines the argument requirements for
* the new option. If the short option has already
* been supplied in the @a optstring, @a has_arg
* must match or an error is returned; otherwise, the
* new short option is added to the @a optstring.
*
* @retval 0 Success
* @retval -1 The long option can not be added.
*/
int long_option (const ACE_TCHAR *name,
int short_option,
OPTION_ARG_MODE has_arg = NO_ARG);
#p#分页标题#e#
这个要领中增加了一个short_option参数，暗示这个long_option与对应的short_option所表达的意义是一致的，当理会呼吁行时，碰着这个long_option时，就按此处的short option举办处理惩罚。
此要领可以这样利用
if(opt.long_option("server", 's', ACE_Get_Opt::ARG_REQUIRED) == -1)
{
cout << "server option can not be added" << endl;
}
long_option要领三：
/// Returns the name of the long option found on the last call to /// @c operator() or 0 if none was found. const ACE_TCHAR *long_option (void) const;
这个要领暗示理会呼吁行时，假如碰着long_option，则可以通过这个要领来获取是哪一个long_option。
呼吁行的理会
呼吁行的理会就要依赖 operator()()要领，和opt_arg要领，前者理会碰着的是哪个short option 可能 long option，而 opt_arg要领例获取option的参数。
下面看一下要领的声明
Collapse/** * Scan elements of @a argv (whose length is @a argc) for short option * characters given in @a optstring or long options (with no short * option equivalents). * * If an element of @a argv starts with '-', and is not exactly "-" * or "--", then it is a short option element. The characters of this * element (aside from the initial '-') are option characters. If * it starts with "--" followed by other characters it is treated as * a long option. If @c operator() is called repeatedly, it returns * each of the option characters from each of the option elements. * * @return The parsed option character. The following characters have * special significance. * @retval 0 A long option was found * @retval '\?' Either an unknown option character was found, or the * option is known but requires an argument, none was * specified, and @a optstring did not contain a leading * colon. * @retval ':' A known option character was found but it requires an * argument and none was supplied, and the first character * of @a optstring was a colon. @c opt_opt() indicates * which option was specified. * @retval '1' @c RETURN_IN_ORDER was specified and a non-option argument * was found. * @retval EOF No more option characters were found. @c opt_ind() will * return the index in @a argv of the first @a argv element * that is not an option. If @c PERMUTE_ARGS was * specified, the @a argv elements have been permuted so that * those that are not options now come last. * * @note The standards are unclear with respect to the conditions under * which '?' and ':' are returned, so we scan the initial characters of * @a optstring up unto the first short option character for '+', '-', * and ':' in order to determine ordering and missing argument behavior. */ int operator () (void);
Collapse/** * For communication from @c operator() to the caller. When * @c operator() finds an option that takes an argument, the argument * value is returned from this method, otherwise it returns 0. */ ACE_TCHAR *opt_arg (void) const;
operator()要领有几种返回值：
详细的option 字符，暗示呼吁行中碰着了此 short option，可能关联了short option的 long option
0，暗示碰着了一个long option，可以通过上面先容的long_option的要领三来获取一下详细是哪一个long option
EOF，也就是-1，暗示理会竣事。
当operator()要领返回一个short option可能 long option时，假如这个option可以有参数，则通过opt_arg要领来获取详细的参数。
完整的呼吁行理会代码
下面展示一个完整可是较量简朴的呼吁行理会的示例措施代码
Collapse#include "ace/Get_Opt.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
//界说了三个short option, 范例为 ARG_REQUIRED
ACE_Get_Opt opt(argc, argv, "s:u:p:", 1, 0);
//界说三个long option, 并与相应的short option 举办关联
if(opt.long_option("server", 's', ACE_Get_Opt::ARG_REQUIRED) == -1)
{
cout << "server option can not be added" << endl;
}
if(opt.long_option("user", 'u', ACE_Get_Opt::ARG_REQUIRED) == -1)
{
cout << "user option can not be added" << endl;
}
if(opt.long_option("pwd", 'p', ACE_Get_Opt::ARG_REQUIRED) == -1)
{
cout << "pwd option can not be added" << endl;
}
//开始理会
for(int arg = 0; (arg = opt()) != -1;)
{
switch (arg)
{
case 's':
cout << "server is " << opt.opt_arg() << endl;
break;
case 'u':
cout << "user is " << opt.opt_arg() << endl;
break;
case 'p':
cout << "pwd is " << opt.opt_arg() << endl;
break;
//理会 long option
case 0:
if(_stricmp(opt.long_option(), "server") == 0)
{
cout << "long option server is" << opt.opt_arg() << endl;
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
//假如直接运行，可能利用方法差池，则显示辅佐
if(opt.opt_ind() + 2 < argc)
{
cout << "the usage is : GetOptTest.exe [option]" << endl;
cout << "\t [-s] server address" << endl;
cout << "\t [-u] user name" << endl;
cout << "\t [-p] password of user" << endl
<< endl;
}
return 0;
}
呼吁行理会实战
至此呼吁行理会的根基成果已经都先容了，并且相应的代码已经完成，那么就让我们来浏览一下理会的结果吧。
详细的呼吁行
-s 127.0.0.1 --server 192.168.0.1 -u hbccdf -p pwdfortest
运行结果图
#p#分页标题#e#
其实成果很简朴，ACE_Get_Opt的利用也很简朴，可是一点点进修，并举办总结，是我一直需要提高的处所。今后会僵持把学到的对象举办总结，并分享到博客上。
作者：cnblogs 缘生梦
